Proposal of Streptomyces bellus Margalith and Beretta 1960 as a Later Heterotypic Synonym of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus (Preobrazhenskaya 1957) Pridham et al. 1958 and an Emended Description of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus.

In the present work, the taxonomic relationship between Streptomyces coeruleorubidus and Streptomyces bellus was reevaluated by a comprehensive comparison of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics, as well as phylogeny. In 1957 and 1960, Streptomyces coeruleorubidus and Streptomyces bellus were described as two novel Streptomyces species. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that Streptomyces bellus JCM 4292T shared highest sequence identity with Streptomyces coerulescens ISP 5146T (100%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that S. bellus JCM 4292T was most closely related to Streptomyces coerulescens ISP 5146T. Phylogenetic analysis of five housekeeping gene sequences demonstrated that S. bellus JCM 4292T was most closely related to S. coeruleorubidus ATCC 13740T. Nevertheless, the ANIm (average nucleotide identity based on MuMmer ultra-rapid aligning tool) and dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) values between them were 97.71% and 81.9%, respectively, greater than the threshold of 96.7% and 70% for the delineation of Streptomyces species, suggesting that they represent the same genomic species. In addition, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as phylogeny and genomic DNA-DNA correlation analysis also confirmed the above conclusion. Consequently, we proposed that S. bellus Margalith and Beretta 1960 is a later heterotypic synonym of S. coeruleorubidus (Preobrazhenskaya 1957) Pridham et al. 1958.

Streptomyces cathayae sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium from the root tissue of Cathaya argyrophylla.

An endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain HUAS 5T, was isolated from the root tissue of Cathaya argyrophylla collected in Chenzhou city of Hunan Province, PR China. This strain produced grey aerial mycelium that differentiated into spiral spore chains with spiny-surfaced ellipsoidal spores on Gause's synthetic No. 1 medium. Strain HUAS 5T grew well on Gause's synthetic No. 1, Reasoner'2 and ISP serial media. This strain grew at 15-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in presence of 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain HUAS 5T (> 5.0%) were iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:1 H and Sum in Feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces and exhibited highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces hirsutus NRRL B-2713T (97.3%), which is much less than 98.7% cut-off point of species definitions for bacteria and archaea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole genome indicated that strain HUAS 5T formed an independent lineage, which suggested that it belonged to a potential novel species. Based on the morphological, cultural, physio-biochemical properties and chemotaxonomy, strain HUAS 5T (= MCCC 1K08552T = JCM 36055T) is deemed to represent a novel Streptomyces species, for which we put forward the name Streptomyces cathayae sp. nov.

CD206+ M2-like macrophages protect against intervertebral disc degeneration partially by targeting R-spondin-2.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the specific function of M2 macrophages in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). METHODS: Intervertebral disc (IVD) samples from normal (n = 4) and IDD (n = 6) patients were collected, and the expression of M2-polarized macrophage marker, CD206, was investigated using immunohistochemical staining. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in a TNF-α environment were obtained, and a mouse caudal IVD puncture model was established. Mice with Rheb deletions, specifically in the myeloid lineage, were generated and subjected to surgery-induced IDD. IDD-induced damage and cell apoptosis were measured using histological scoring, X-ray imaging, immunohistochemical staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, mice and NPCs were treated with R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) or anti-Rspo2 to investigate the role of Rspo2 in IDD. RESULTS: Accumulation of CD206 in human and mouse IDD tissues was detected. Rheb deletion in the myeloid lineage (RheBcKO) increased the number of CD206+ M2-like macrophages (mean difference 18.6% [15.7-21.6%], P < 0.001), decreased cell apoptosis (mean difference -15.6% [-8.9 to 22.2%], P = 0.001) and attenuated the IDD process in the mouse IDD model. NPCs treated with Rspo2 displayed increased extracellular matrix catabolism and apoptosis; co-culture with a conditioned medium derived from RheBcKO mice inhibited these changes. Anti-Rspo2 treatment in the mouse caudal IVD puncture model exerted protective effects against IDD. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting CD206+ M2-like macrophages could reduce Rspo2 secretion, thereby alleviating experimental IDD. Rheb deletion may help M2-polarized macrophages accumulate and attenuate experimental IDD partially by inhibiting Rspo2 production. Hence, M2-polarized macrophages and Rspo2 may serve as therapeutic targets for IDD.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) water extract alleviates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 hepatocytes via the activation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and GSK-3ß signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a typical element of a traditional Mediterranean diet and has potential health advantages for insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of artichoke water extract (AWE) on palmitate (PA)-induced IR in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. METHODS: The effect of AWE on cell viability was determined using CCK8 assay. Cellular glucose uptake, glucose consumption, glucose production, and glycogen content were assessed after AWE treatment. The gene expression and protein levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that AWE dose-dependently increased cell viability in IR HepG2 cells (P < 0.01). AWE treatment significantly promoted glucose uptake and consumption, decreased glucose production, and increased the cellular glycogen content in IR HepG2 cells (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, AWE elevated the phosphorylation and total protein levels of major insulin signaling molecules in IR HepG2 cells, which resulted in a decrease in the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and the inhibition of glycogen synthase (GS) phosphorylation in IR HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the protective effect of AWE on IR HepG2 cells might be ascribed to the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. CONCLUSION: We conclude that AWE may improve glucose metabolism by regulating IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and GSK-3ß signaling associated with the inhibition of ER stress in IR HepG2 cells induced by PA.

Streptomyces cynarae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L.

Strain HUAS 13-4T, a novel endophytic actinobacterium, was isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L. collected from Changde City in China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HUAS 13-4T shared the highest sequence similarities to Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii C34T (98.90%), Streptomyces harenosi PRKS01-65T (98.83%) and Streptomyces glomeratus LMG 19903T (98.76%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain HUAS 13-4T was clustered together with Streptomyces bluensis ISP 5564T and Streptomyces cavernae SYSU K10008T. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that strain HUAS 13-4T was most closely related to S. glomeratus JCM 9091T. However, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were less than 96.7% and 70% cut-off points recommended for delineating species. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the genome sequences and phenotypic characteristics between strain HUAS 13-4T and its relative, strain HUAS 13-4T (= MCCC 1K08364T = JCM 35919T) should evidently represent a novel Streptomyces species, and the name Streptomyces cynarae sp. nov. is proposed.

Streptomyces argyrophyllae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Cathaya argyrophylla.

Strain Jing01T, a novel actinomycete from rhizosphere soil of Cathaya argyrophylla, was identified using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain Jing01T revealed that it was a member of the genus Streptomyces and shared 99.03%, 99.03%, 98.96%, 98.89%, 98.83%, 98.82%, 98.76%, 98.74%, 98.73%, 98.69% and 98.68% similarities to Streptomyces rochei NRRL B-2410T, Streptomyces naganishii NBRC 12892T, Streptomyces rubradiris JCM 4955T, Streptomyces anandii NRRL B-3590T, Streptomyces aurantiogriseus NBRC 12842T, Streptomyces mutabilis NBRC 12800T, Streptomyces rameus LMG 20326T, Streptomyces djakartensis NBRC 15409T, Streptomyces bangladeshensis JCM 14924T, Streptomyces andamanensis KCTC 29502T and Streptomyces tuirus NBRC 15617T, respectively. In phylogenetic trees constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain Jing01T generated a separate branch at the middle of the clade, suggesting it could be a potential novel species. In phylogenomic tree, strain Jing01T was related to S. rubradiris JCM 4955T. In phylogenetic trees based on the gene sequences of atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB, strain Jing01T was related to S. bangladeshensis JCM 14924T and S. rubradiris JCM 4955T. Whereas, the multilocus sequence analysis distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were much less than the species-level thresholds. This conclusion was further supported by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis. Consequently, strain Jing01T represents a new Streptomyces species, for which the proposed name is Streptomyces argyrophyllae sp. nov. The type strain is Jing01T (= MCCC 1K05707T = JCM 35923T).

The diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Cathaya argyrophylla are affected by soil physicochemical properties.

Cathaya argyrophylla is an ancient Pinaceae species endemic to China that is listed on the IUCN Red List. Although C. argyrophylla is an ectomycorrhizal plant, the relationship between its rhizospheric soil microbial community and soil properties related to the natural habitat remains unknown. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS region sequences was used to survey the C. argyrophylla soil community at four natural spatially distributed points in Hunan Province, China, and functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild. The dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi, and the dominant genus was Acidothermus. The dominant fungal phyla were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, while Russula was the dominant genus. Soil properties were the main factors leading to changes in rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities, with nitrogen being the main driver of changes in soil microbial communities. The metabolic capacities of the microbial communities were predicted to identify differences in their functional profiles, including amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, and the presence of fungi, including saprotrophs and symbiotrophs. These findings illuminate the soil microbial ecology of C. argyrophylla, and provide a scientific basis for screening rhizosphere microorganisms that are suitable for vegetation restoration and reconstruction for this important threatened species.

Proposal of Streptomyces sporoverrucosus Gause et al. 1983 as a later heterotypic synonym of Streptomyces goshikiensis Niida et al. 1966 and an emended description of Streptomyces goshikiensis.

The taxonomic relationship of Streptomyces goshikiensis and Streptomyces sporoverrucosus was re-evaluated using comparative genome analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that S. goshikiensis JCM 4640T and S. sporoverrucosus CGMCC 4.1796T shared 100% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences exhibited that they were closely related to each other. However, the values of average nucleotide identity (ANIb/ANIm) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between the genomes of two type strains were 98.33%/98.69% and 87.2%, respectively, greater than the two recognized thresholds values of 96.7% ANI and 70% dDDH for species delineation. These results suggested that S. goshikiensis and S. sporoverrucosus should share the same taxonomic position. In addition, this conclusion was further supported by highly similar morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics between them. Consequently, it is proposed that S. sporoverrucosus is a later heterotypic synonym of S. goshikiensis.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of galium spurium.

Galium spurium is a farmland weed, with strong stress resistance. However, its chloroplast genome has never been reported. In this study, the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of G. spurium was characterized, which is a circular molecule, 153,481 bp in length, and with a large single copy region of 84,334 bp, a small single copy region of 17,057 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,045 bp. The whole genome contained 127 genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that it relates closely to G. aparine. This study provides a basis for the further phylogenic study of Galium.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Centaurea cyanus (Asteraceae).

Centaurea cyanus has been a weed in farmland for a long time. In this study, the chloroplast genome of C. cyanus was sequenced to establish the phylogenetic relationship between its genomic characteristics and other related species. The chloroplast gene structure of C. cyanus is a circular molecule with a length of 152,433 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,464 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,545 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats sequences (IRs) region of 25,212 bp. The whole genome contains 130 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. cyanus is close to Carthamus. tinctorius, C. tinctorius, C. diffusa, and C. maculosa, and all of them were in one clade. This study provides genetic resource information for the further study of Centaurea.

Projected Effects of Climate Change on Species Range of Pantala flavescens, a Wandering Glider Dragonfly.

Dragonflies are sensitive to climate change due to their special habitat in aquatic and terrestrial environments, especially Pantala flavescens, which have extraordinary migratory abilities in response to climate change on spatio-temporal scales. At present, there are major gaps in the documentation of insects and the effects of climatic changes on the habitat and species it supports. In this study, we model the global distribution of a wandering glider dragonfly, P. flavescens, and detected the important environmental factors shaping its range, as well as habitat shifts under historical and future warming scenarios. The results showed a global map of species ranges of P. flavescens currently, including southern North America, most of South America, south-central Africa, most of Europe, South, East and Southeast Asia, and northern Oceania, in total, ca. 6581.667 × 104 km2. BIO5 (the max temperature of warmest month) and BIO13 (the precipitation of wettest month) greatly explained its species ranges. The historic refugia were identified around the Great Lakes in the north-central United States. Future warming will increase the total area of suitable habitat and shift the type of suitable habitat compared to the current distribution. The habitat suitability of P. flavescens decreased with elevation, global warming forced it to expand to higher elevations, and the habitat suitability of P. flavescens around the equator increased with global warming. Overall, our study provides a global dynamic pattern of suitable habitats for P. flavescens from the perspective of climate change, and provides a useful reference for biodiversity research and biological conservation.

Nocardiopsis changdeensis sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Strain Mg02T was isolated from roots of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. collected from Changde City, Hunan Province, China. Strain Mg02T, which exhibited distinct chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Nocardiopsis: cell-wall chemotype III/C, i.e., meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic amino acid in whole-cell hydrolysates and menaquinone MK-10 with variable degrees of saturation in the side chain as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, was investigated by a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic position. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain Mg02T is affiliated to the genus Nocardiopsis, having highest sequence similarity to Nocardiopsis flavescens CGMCC 4.5723T (99.1%) and <98.7% to other species of the genus Nocardiopsis with validly published names. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene indicated strain Mg02T formed a separate evolutionary clade, suggesting that it could be a novel Nocardiopsis species. Phylogenomic analysis showed that strain Mg02T was closely related to N. flavescens CGMCC 4.5723T and distinct from the latter according to the clustering patterns. The Average Nucleotide Identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Mg02T and N. flavescens CGMCC 4.5723T were far below the species-level thresholds. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we think that strain Mg02T should represent a novel Nocardiopsis species, for which the name Nocardiopsis changdeensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mg02T (=MCCC 1K06174T = JCM 34709T).

Differences in the Chloroplast Genome and Its Regulatory Network among Cathaya argyrophylla Populations from Different Locations in China.

Cathaya argyrophylla Chun et Kuang is a severely endangered, tertiary relict plant unique to China whose high physiological sensitivity to the environment, including photosensitivity, is likely closely related to its endangered status; however, the exact mechanism responsible has remained unknown due to the rarity of the plant and the difficulties involved in performing physiological studies on the molecular level. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of six C. argyrophylla populations sampled from different locations in China were characterized and compared. In addition, a gene regulatory network of the polymorphic chloroplast genes responsible for regulating genes found elsewhere in the plant genome was constructed. The result of the genome characterization and comparison showed that the genome characteristics, the gene composition, and the gene sequence of the chloroplast genes varied by location, and the gene regulatory network showed that the differences in growth location may have led to variations in the protein-coding chloroplast gene via various metabolic processes. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between chloroplasts and the sensitive metabolism of C. argyrophylla and provide additional reference materials for the conservation of this endangered plant.

Complete Genome Sequence of Nocardiopsis exhalans Strain JCM 11759T, Isolated from Indoor Air of a Water-Damaged Private House in Finland.

The genus Nocardiopsis contains pharmaceutically and biotechnologically important species that produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Nocardiopsis exhalans JCM 11759T for a better understanding of its metabolic characteristics and toxin synthesis pathway.

Nocardiopsis akebiae sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from fruits of Akebia trifoliata.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain HDS12T, was isolated from fruits collected from Changde city located in the northwest of Hunan Province, China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain HDS12T belonged to the genus Nocardiopsis, and had highest similarities to N. dassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei CGMCC 4.1231T (99.79%), N. deserti H13T (99.73%), N. alborubida NBRC 13392T (99.66%), N. dassonvillei subsp. crassaminis D1T (99.64%), N. synnemataformans DSM 44143T (99.45%), N. lucentensis DSM 44048T (99.04%), N. aegyptia DSM 44442T (98.90%), N. flavescens CGMCC 4.5723T (98.76%), N. alba DSM 43377T (98.69%) and N. halotolerans DSM 44410T (98.63%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain HDS12T formed an independent subclade, suggesting that strain HDS12T could belong to a potential novel species. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that strain HDS12T was closely related to N. dassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei CGMCC 4.1231T and N. dassonvillei subsp. crassaminis D1T. However, the average nucleotide identity value and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between them were well below 95-96% and 70% cut-off point recommended for delineating species. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain HDS12T (= MCCC 1K06173T = JCM 34708T) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Nocardiopsis akebiae sp. nov. is proposed.

Streptomyces akebiae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of Akebia trifoliate.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated as MG28T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Akebia trifoliate. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. BLAST search of the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MG28T indicated it represented a member of the genus Streptomyces, and displayed 99.03%, 98.90%, 98.90%, 98.89%, 98.83% and less than 98.70% sequence similarities with S. phaeolivaceus GY16T, S. deccanensis KCTC 19241T, S. europaeiscabiei KACC 20186T, S. fructofermentans CGMCC 4.1593T, S. scabiei NRRL B-16523T and other species of the genus Streptomyces with validly published names, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain MG28T was closely related to Streptomyces deccanensis KCTC 19241T. However, the average nucleotide identity values and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them indicated that strain MG28T represented a distinct species. Furthermore, strain MG28T was also distinctly differentiated from strain KCTC 19241T by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, strain MG28T (= MCCC 1K06895T = JCM 34922T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces akebiae sp. nov. is proposed.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gomesa flexuosa.

Gomesa flexuosa (Lodd) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams is a new species of orchid revised in 2009. In this study, the chloroplast genome of G. flexuosa was sequenced to determine its genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship with other related species. G. flexuosa has a chloroplast genome size of 147,764 bp, comprising 25,757 bp of two inverted repeat (IR) regions, 83,579 bp of large single-copy (LSC) region, and 12,671 bp of small single-copy (SSC) region. Moreover, the whole genome contains 73 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that G. flexuosa is closely related to Oncidium sphacelatum.

Lack of tumorigenesis and protumorigenic activity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in NOD SCID mice.

BACKGROUND: The tumorigenesis of infused umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) is being preclinically evaluated. METHODS: We observed tumor formation in NOD SCID mice after a single subcutaneous injection of hUC-MSCs and the effect of these cells on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Three generations (P5, P7, and P10) of hUC-MSCs (1 × 107) from two donors (hUC-MSC1 and hUC-MSC2) were inoculated subcutaneously into NOD SCID mice. Subcutaneous transplantation models were established in NOD SCID mice with human cervical cancer HeLa cells (solid tumor) and human B cell lymphoma Raji cells (hematological tumor). Then, the animals were euthanized, gross dissection was performed, and tissues were collected. Various organs were observed microscopically to identify pathological changes and tumor metastasis. RESULTS: In the tumorigenesis experiment, no general anatomical abnormalities were observed. In the tumor promotion experiment, some animals in the HeLa groups experienced tumor rupture, and one animal died in each of the low- and medium-dose hUC-MSC groups. The results may have occurred due to the longer feeding time, and the tumor may have caused spontaneous infection and death. Pathological examination revealed no metastasis to distant organs in any group. In the Raji tumor model, some animals in each group experienced tumor rupture, and one animal in the medium-dose hUC-MSC group died, perhaps due to increased tumor malignancy. Thus, hUC-MSCs neither promoted nor inhibited tumor growth. No cancer cell metastasis was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys or other important organs, except that pulmonary venule metastasis was observed in 1 animal in the model group. CONCLUSIONS: Injected hUC-MSCs were not tumorigenic and did not significantly promote or inhibit solid or hematological tumor growth or metastasis in NOD SCID mice.

Nocardiopsis eucommiae sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain HDS5T, was isolated from leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. collected from Changde City, Hunan Province, PR China. Strain HDS5T produced yellowish oil green substrate mycelia on Gause's synthetic medium, which also carried yellowish oil green aerial hyphae, fragmenting into rod-shaped elements with smooth surfaces. Strain HDS5T grew at pH 5.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7), at 20-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-8.0% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 0-1.0 %). Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid and no diagnostic sugars. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. The menaquinones were MK-10(H2), MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6). Strain HDS5T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardiopsis prasina DSM 43845T (99.72 %), Nocardiopsis ganjiahuensis DSM 45031T (99.31 %), Nocardiopsis exhalans JCM 11759T (99.17 %), Nocardiopsis alba DSM 43377T (99.11 %), Nocardiopsis metallicus KBS6T (99.11 %), Nocardiopsis valliformis DSM 45023T (99.04 %), Nocardiopsis listeri NBRC 13360T (98.97 %), Nocardiopsis lucentensis DSM 44048T (98.83 %), Nocardiopsis terrae YIM 90022T (98.83 %) and <98.7 % similarities to other type strains. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome sequences showed that strain HDS5T was closely related to N. prasina DSM 43845T. However, the average nucleotide identity based on blast and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were determined to be 90.1 and 40.9 %, respectively, below the threshold of 95-96 and 70 % for the delineation of prokaryotic genomic species, suggesting that strain HDS5T represents a novel Nocardiopsis species. Furthermore, the morphological and physio-biochemical characteristics were sufficient to distinguish strain HDS5T from N. prasina DSM 43845T. Consequently, based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain HDS5T represents a new Nocardiopsis species, for which the name Nocardiopsis eucommiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HDS5T (=MCCC 1K06172T=JCM 34707T).

Ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block in laparoscopic colon cancer surgery : A randomized controlled prospective trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for pain control in other surgeries remains an interesting topic of discussion. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy and quality of recovery of ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 50 patients were included and randomly divided into the intervention group (E group, n = 25) and the control group (C group, n = 25). Patients in the E group received general anesthesia with preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB, whereas patients in the C group received general anesthesia with saline injection in the erector spinae plane preoperatively. Data on intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic effects and the effect on enhanced recovery after surgery were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Rocuronium consumption in the intervention group was 82.80 ± 21.70 mg, which was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Visual analog scale scores at 2, 6, and 24 h after surgery in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (Fbetween = 34.034, P = 0.000). The time to ambulation, consumption of ketorolac tromethamine, time to oral intake and hospital stay after operation in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The block area at the different baselines was significant (Fbetween = 3.211, P = 0.009). The association between baseline and time was significant (Fbaseline * time = 3.268, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that ultrasound-guided ESPB technology is safe and beneficial for patients with colon cancer undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery.